542 lines
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<h1 id="adr-021-real-time-websocket-updates-via-broadcast"><a class="header" href="#adr-021-real-time-websocket-updates-via-broadcast">ADR-021: Real-Time WebSocket Updates via Broadcast</a></h1>
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<p><strong>Status</strong>: Accepted | Implemented
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<strong>Date</strong>: 2024-11-01
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<strong>Deciders</strong>: Frontend Architecture Team
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<strong>Technical Story</strong>: Enabling real-time workflow progress updates to multiple clients</p>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="decision"><a class="header" href="#decision">Decision</a></h2>
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<p>Implementar <strong>real-time WebSocket updates</strong> usando <code>tokio::sync::broadcast</code> para pub/sub de workflow progress.</p>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="rationale"><a class="header" href="#rationale">Rationale</a></h2>
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<ol>
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<li><strong>Real-Time UX</strong>: Usuarios ven cambios inmediatos (no polling)</li>
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<li><strong>Broadcast Efficiency</strong>: <code>broadcast</code> channel permite fan-out a múltiples clientes</li>
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<li><strong>No State Tracking</strong>: No mantener per-client state, channel maneja distribución</li>
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<li><strong>Async-Native</strong>: <code>tokio::sync</code> integrado con Tokio runtime</li>
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</ol>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="alternatives-considered"><a class="header" href="#alternatives-considered">Alternatives Considered</a></h2>
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<h3 id="-http-long-polling"><a class="header" href="#-http-long-polling">❌ HTTP Long-Polling</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Pros</strong>: Simple, no WebSocket complexity</li>
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<li><strong>Cons</strong>: High latency, resource-intensive</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="-server-sent-events-sse"><a class="header" href="#-server-sent-events-sse">❌ Server-Sent Events (SSE)</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Pros</strong>: HTTP-based, simpler than WebSocket</li>
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<li><strong>Cons</strong>: Unidirectional only (server→client)</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="-websocket--broadcast-chosen"><a class="header" href="#-websocket--broadcast-chosen">✅ WebSocket + Broadcast (CHOSEN)</a></h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Bidirectional, low latency, efficient fan-out</li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="trade-offs"><a class="header" href="#trade-offs">Trade-offs</a></h2>
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<p><strong>Pros</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>✅ Real-time updates (sub-100ms latency)</li>
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<li>✅ Efficient broadcast (no per-client loops)</li>
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<li>✅ Bidirectional communication</li>
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<li>✅ Lower bandwidth than polling</li>
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</ul>
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<p><strong>Cons</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>⚠️ Connection state management complex</li>
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<li>⚠️ Harder to scale beyond single server</li>
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<li>⚠️ Client reconnection handling needed</li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="implementation"><a class="header" href="#implementation">Implementation</a></h2>
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<p><strong>Broadcast Channel Setup</strong>:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>// crates/vapora-backend/src/main.rs
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use tokio::sync::broadcast;
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// Create broadcast channel (buffer size = 100 messages)
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let (tx, _rx) = broadcast::channel(100);
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// Share broadcaster in app state
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let app_state = AppState::new(/* ... */)
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.with_broadcast_tx(tx.clone());
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p><strong>Workflow Progress Event</strong>:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>// crates/vapora-backend/src/workflow.rs
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
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pub struct WorkflowUpdate {
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pub workflow_id: String,
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pub status: WorkflowStatus,
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pub current_step: u32,
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pub total_steps: u32,
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pub message: String,
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pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
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}
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pub async fn update_workflow_status(
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db: &Surreal<Ws>,
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tx: &broadcast::Sender<WorkflowUpdate>,
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workflow_id: &str,
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status: WorkflowStatus,
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) -> Result<()> {
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// Update database
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let updated = db
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.query("UPDATE workflows SET status = $1 WHERE id = $2")
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.bind((status, workflow_id))
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.await?;
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// Broadcast update to all subscribers
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let update = WorkflowUpdate {
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workflow_id: workflow_id.to_string(),
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status,
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current_step: 0, // Fetch from DB if needed
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total_steps: 0,
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message: format!("Workflow status changed to {:?}", status),
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timestamp: Utc::now(),
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};
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// Ignore if no subscribers (channel will be dropped)
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let _ = tx.send(update);
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Ok(())
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p><strong>WebSocket Handler</strong>:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>// crates/vapora-backend/src/api/websocket.rs
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use axum::extract::ws::{WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade};
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use futures::{sink::SinkExt, stream::StreamExt};
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pub async fn websocket_handler(
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ws: WebSocketUpgrade,
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State(app_state): State<AppState>,
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Path(workflow_id): Path<String>,
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) -> impl IntoResponse {
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ws.on_upgrade(|socket| handle_socket(socket, app_state, workflow_id))
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}
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async fn handle_socket(
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socket: WebSocket,
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app_state: AppState,
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workflow_id: String,
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) {
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let (mut sender, mut receiver) = socket.split();
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// Subscribe to workflow updates
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let mut rx = app_state.broadcast_tx.subscribe();
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// Task 1: Forward broadcast updates to WebSocket client
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let workflow_id_clone = workflow_id.clone();
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let send_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
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while let Ok(update) = rx.recv().await {
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// Filter: only send updates for this workflow
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if update.workflow_id == workflow_id_clone {
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if let Ok(msg) = serde_json::to_string(&update) {
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if sender.send(Message::Text(msg)).await.is_err() {
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break; // Client disconnected
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}
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}
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}
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}
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});
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// Task 2: Listen for client messages (if any)
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let mut recv_task = tokio::spawn(async move {
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while let Some(Ok(msg)) = receiver.next().await {
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match msg {
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Message::Close(_) => break,
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Message::Ping(data) => {
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// Respond to ping (keep-alive)
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let _ = receiver.send(Message::Pong(data)).await;
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}
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_ => {}
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}
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}
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});
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// Wait for either task to complete (client disconnect or broadcast end)
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tokio::select! {
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_ = &mut send_task => {},
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_ = &mut recv_task => {},
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}
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p><strong>Frontend Integration (Leptos)</strong>:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>// crates/vapora-frontend/src/api/websocket.rs
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use leptos::*;
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#[component]
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pub fn WorkflowProgressMonitor(workflow_id: String) -> impl IntoView {
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let (progress, set_progress) = create_signal::<Option<WorkflowUpdate>>(None);
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create_effect(move |_| {
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let workflow_id = workflow_id.clone();
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spawn_local(async move {
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match create_websocket_connection(&format!(
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"ws://localhost:8001/api/workflows/{}/updates",
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workflow_id
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)) {
|
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Ok(ws) => {
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loop {
|
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match ws.recv().await {
|
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Ok(msg) => {
|
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if let Ok(update) = serde_json::from_str::<WorkflowUpdate>(&msg) {
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set_progress(Some(update));
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}
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}
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Err(_) => break,
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}
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}
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}
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Err(e) => eprintln!("WebSocket error: {:?}", e),
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}
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});
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});
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view! {
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<div class="workflow-progress">
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|
{move || {
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progress().map(|update| {
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|
view! {
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<div class="progress-item">
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<p>{&update.message}</p>
|
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<progress
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|
value={update.current_step}
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max={update.total_steps}
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/>
|
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</div>
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}
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})
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}}
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</div>
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}
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p><strong>Connection Management</strong>:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
</span>pub async fn connection_with_reconnect(
|
|
ws_url: &str,
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|
max_retries: u32,
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|
) -> Result<WebSocket> {
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let mut retries = 0;
|
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|
|
loop {
|
|
match connect_websocket(ws_url).await {
|
|
Ok(ws) => return Ok(ws),
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|
Err(e) if retries < max_retries => {
|
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retries += 1;
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let backoff_ms = 100 * 2_u64.pow(retries);
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tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(backoff_ms)).await;
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}
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Err(e) => return Err(e),
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}
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}
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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|
<p><strong>Key Files</strong>:</p>
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<ul>
|
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<li><code>/crates/vapora-backend/src/api/websocket.rs</code> (WebSocket handler)</li>
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<li><code>/crates/vapora-backend/src/workflow.rs</code> (broadcast events)</li>
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<li><code>/crates/vapora-frontend/src/api/websocket.rs</code> (Leptos client)</li>
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</ul>
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<hr />
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<h2 id="verification"><a class="header" href="#verification">Verification</a></h2>
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<pre><code class="language-bash"># Test broadcast channel basic functionality
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|
cargo test -p vapora-backend test_broadcast_basic
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# Test multiple subscribers
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cargo test -p vapora-backend test_broadcast_multiple_subscribers
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# Test filtering (only send relevant updates)
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cargo test -p vapora-backend test_broadcast_filtering
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# Integration: full WebSocket lifecycle
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cargo test -p vapora-backend test_websocket_full_lifecycle
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|
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# Connection stability test
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cargo test -p vapora-backend test_websocket_disconnection_handling
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|
|
# Load test: multiple concurrent connections
|
|
cargo test -p vapora-backend test_websocket_concurrent_connections
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
<p><strong>Expected Output</strong>:</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Updates broadcast to all subscribers</li>
|
|
<li>Only relevant workflow updates sent per subscription</li>
|
|
<li>Client disconnections handled gracefully</li>
|
|
<li>Reconnection with backoff works</li>
|
|
<li>Latency < 100ms</li>
|
|
<li>Scales to 100+ concurrent connections</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h2 id="consequences"><a class="header" href="#consequences">Consequences</a></h2>
|
|
<h3 id="scalability"><a class="header" href="#scalability">Scalability</a></h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Single server: broadcast works well</li>
|
|
<li>Multiple servers: need message broker (Redis, NATS)</li>
|
|
<li>Load balancer: sticky sessions or server-wide broadcast</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="connection-management"><a class="header" href="#connection-management">Connection Management</a></h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Automatic cleanup on client disconnect</li>
|
|
<li>Backpressure handling (dropped messages if queue full)</li>
|
|
<li>Per-connection state minimal</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="frontend"><a class="header" href="#frontend">Frontend</a></h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Real-time UX without polling</li>
|
|
<li>Automatic disconnection handling</li>
|
|
<li>Graceful degradation if WebSocket unavailable</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="monitoring"><a class="header" href="#monitoring">Monitoring</a></h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Track concurrent WebSocket connections</li>
|
|
<li>Monitor broadcast channel depth</li>
|
|
<li>Alert on high message loss</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<h2 id="references"><a class="header" href="#references">References</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/sync/broadcast/index.html">Tokio Broadcast Documentation</a></li>
|
|
<li><code>/crates/vapora-backend/src/api/websocket.rs</code> (implementation)</li>
|
|
<li><code>/crates/vapora-frontend/src/api/websocket.rs</code> (client integration)</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<p><strong>Related ADRs</strong>: ADR-003 (Leptos Frontend), ADR-002 (Axum Backend)</p>
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