2015-07-19 00:08:38 +02:00
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
2024-10-23 18:16:52 +02:00
<html lang=" {{ language }} " class=" {{ default_theme }} sidebar-visible" dir=" {{ text_direction }} ">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<head>
<!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title> {{ title }} </title>
{{ # if is_print }}
2023-09-19 20:44:39 +06:00
<meta name="robots" content="noindex">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ / if }}
2020-06-07 14:14:35 +02:00
{{ # if base_url }}
<base href=" {{ base_url }} ">
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Custom HTML head -->
{{ > head }}
<meta name="description" content=" {{ description }} ">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
2023-09-19 20:44:39 +06:00
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
2020-07-07 13:37:25 -07:00
{{ # if favicon_svg }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<link rel="icon" href=" {{ resource "favicon.svg" }} ">
2020-07-07 13:37:25 -07:00
{{ / if }}
{{ # if favicon_png }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<link rel="shortcut icon" href=" {{ resource "favicon.png" }} ">
2020-07-07 13:37:25 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<link rel="stylesheet" href=" {{ resource "css/variables.css" }} ">
<link rel="stylesheet" href=" {{ resource "css/general.css" }} ">
<link rel="stylesheet" href=" {{ resource "css/chrome.css" }} ">
2020-03-30 10:38:37 +02:00
{{ # if print_enable }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<link rel="stylesheet" href=" {{ resource "css/print.css" }} " media="print">
2020-03-30 10:38:37 +02:00
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Fonts -->
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<link rel="stylesheet" href=" {{ resource "fonts/fonts.css" }} ">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<link rel="stylesheet" id="mdbook-highlight-css" href=" {{ resource "highlight.css" }} ">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="mdbook-tomorrow-night-css" href=" {{ resource "tomorrow-night.css" }} ">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="mdbook-ayu-highlight-css" href=" {{ resource "ayu-highlight.css" }} ">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
{{ # each additional_css }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<link rel="stylesheet" href=" {{ resource this }} ">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ / each }}
{{ # if mathjax_support }}
<!-- MathJax -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ / if }}
2024-11-06 14:56:49 -07:00
2025-03-07 23:10:41 -07:00
<!-- Provide site root and default themes to javascript -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2025-02-21 22:55:23 +01:00
const path_to_root = " {{ path_to_root }} ";
2025-03-07 23:10:41 -07:00
const default_light_theme = " {{ default_theme }} ";
const default_dark_theme = " {{ preferred_dark_theme }} ";
2025-07-07 08:46:52 -07:00
{{ # if search_js }}
window.path_to_searchindex_js = " {{ resource "searchindex.js" }} ";
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
2024-11-06 14:56:49 -07:00
<!-- Start loading toc.js asap -->
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource "toc.js" }} "></script>
2024-11-06 14:56:49 -07:00
</head>
<body>
2025-05-14 18:17:16 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-help-container">
<div id="mdbook-help-popup">
<h2 class="mdbook-help-title">Keyboard shortcuts</h2>
<div>
<p>Press <kbd>←</kbd> or <kbd>→</kbd> to navigate between chapters</p>
{{ # if search_enabled }}
<p>Press <kbd>S</kbd> or <kbd>/</kbd> to search in the book</p>
{{ / if }}
<p>Press <kbd>?</kbd> to show this help</p>
<p>Press <kbd>Esc</kbd> to hide this help</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-body-container">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
try {
2025-02-21 22:55:23 +01:00
let theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
let sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
}
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
}
} catch (e) { }
</script>
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2025-03-07 23:10:41 -07:00
const default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? default_dark_theme : default_light_theme;
2025-02-21 22:55:23 +01:00
let theme;
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
2024-10-23 18:16:52 +02:00
const html = document.documentElement;
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
html.classList.remove(' {{ default_theme }} ')
html.classList.add(theme);
2024-10-23 18:16:52 +02:00
html.classList.add("js");
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<input type="checkbox" id="mdbook-sidebar-toggle-anchor" class="hidden">
2023-08-24 16:44:25 +08:00
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2025-02-21 22:55:23 +01:00
let sidebar = null;
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
const sidebar_toggle = document.getElementById("mdbook-sidebar-toggle-anchor");
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
2023-02-11 18:04:58 -05:00
} else {
sidebar = 'hidden';
2025-06-05 16:27:47 +02:00
sidebar_toggle.checked = false;
}
if (sidebar === 'visible') {
sidebar_toggle.checked = true;
} else {
html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
2020-05-01 07:47:50 +02:00
}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
2015-08-03 22:09:26 +02:00
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<nav id="mdbook-sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
2024-07-15 18:38:50 -07:00
<!-- populated by js -->
2024-11-06 14:56:49 -07:00
<mdbook-sidebar-scrollbox class="sidebar-scrollbox"></mdbook-sidebar-scrollbox>
2024-07-16 12:23:26 -07:00
<noscript>
2025-02-20 10:25:51 -07:00
<iframe class="sidebar-iframe-outer" src=" {{ path_to_root }} toc.html"></iframe>
2024-07-16 12:23:26 -07:00
</noscript>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle">
2023-10-02 18:24:55 +03:00
<div class="sidebar-resize-indicator"></div>
</div>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</nav>
2020-05-01 07:47:50 +02:00
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<div class="page">
{{ > header }}
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div>
<div id="mdbook-menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<div class="left-buttons">
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<label id="mdbook-sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" for="mdbook-sidebar-toggle-anchor" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="mdbook-sidebar">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "bars" }}
2023-08-24 16:44:25 +08:00
</label>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<button id="mdbook-theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mdbook-theme-list">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "paintbrush" }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</button>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<ul id="mdbook-theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-default_theme">Auto</button></li>
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-light">Light</button></li>
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-rust">Rust</button></li>
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-coal">Coal</button></li>
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-navy">Navy</button></li>
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-ayu">Ayu</button></li>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</ul>
{{ # if search_enabled }}
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<button id="mdbook-search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search (`/`)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="/ s" aria-controls="mdbook-searchbar">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "magnifying-glass" }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</button>
{{ / if }}
</div>
<h1 class="menu-title"> {{ book_title }} </h1>
<div class="right-buttons">
2020-03-30 10:38:37 +02:00
{{ # if print_enable }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<a href=" {{ path_to_root }} print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "print" "print-button" }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</a>
2020-03-30 10:38:37 +02:00
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ # if git_repository_url }}
<a href=" {{ git_repository_url }} " title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa git_repository_icon_class git_repository_icon }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</a>
{{ / if }}
2020-02-18 00:41:03 +02:00
{{ # if git_repository_edit_url }}
2025-05-14 22:57:58 +01:00
<a href=" {{ git_repository_edit_url }} " title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit" rel="edit">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "pencil" "git-edit-button" }}
2020-02-17 22:59:37 +02:00
</a>
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</div>
2017-12-06 16:20:22 +08:00
</div>
2015-08-06 15:24:34 +02:00
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ # if search_enabled }}
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-search-wrapper" class="hidden">
<form id="mdbook-searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
2025-02-21 14:25:58 +01:00
<div class="search-wrapper">
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<input type="search" id="mdbook-searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="mdbook-searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
2025-02-21 14:25:58 +01:00
<div class="spinner-wrapper">
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "spinner" "fa-spin" }}
2025-02-21 14:25:58 +01:00
</div>
</div>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</form>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
<div id="mdbook-searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
<ul id="mdbook-searchresults">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</ul>
</div>
</div>
{{ / if }}
<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
document.getElementById('mdbook-sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
document.getElementById('mdbook-sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#mdbook-sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
});
</script>
2025-08-19 19:38:22 -07:00
<div id="mdbook-content" class="content">
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<main>
{{{ content }}}
</main>
<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ # if previous }}
<a rel="prev" href=" {{ path_to_root }} {{ previous .link }} " class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
{{ # if ( eq ../text_direction "rtl" ) }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-right" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ else }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-left" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2025-09-15 20:17:11 -07:00
</a>
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ # if next }}
<a rel="next prefetch" href=" {{ path_to_root }} {{ next .link }} " class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
{{ # if ( eq ../text_direction "rtl" ) }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-left" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ else }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-right" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</a>
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</nav>
2020-05-01 07:47:50 +02:00
</div>
</div>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ # if previous }}
<a rel="prev" href=" {{ path_to_root }} {{ previous .link }} " class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
{{ # if ( eq ../text_direction "rtl" ) }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-right" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ else }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-left" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2018-01-15 14:26:53 +01:00
</a>
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2018-01-15 14:26:53 +01:00
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ # if next }}
<a rel="next prefetch" href=" {{ path_to_root }} {{ next .link }} " class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
{{ # if ( eq text_direction "rtl" ) }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-left" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ else }}
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
{{ fa "solid" "angle-right" }}
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2018-01-15 14:26:53 +01:00
</a>
2025-08-13 17:56:11 -07:00
{{ / if }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</nav>
2015-08-01 14:12:55 +02:00
2015-07-28 21:01:13 +02:00
</div>
2015-07-19 14:02:21 +02:00
2024-06-08 14:19:48 -07:00
<template id=fa-eye> {{ fa "solid" "eye" }} </template>
<template id=fa-eye-slash> {{ fa "solid" "eye-slash" }} </template>
<template id=fa-copy> {{ fa "regular" "copy" }} </template>
<template id=fa-play> {{ fa "solid" "play" }} </template>
<template id=fa-clock-rotate-left> {{ fa "solid" "clock-rotate-left" }} </template>
2022-03-19 04:38:16 +08:00
{{ # if live_reload_endpoint }}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Livereload script (if served using the cli tool) -->
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2022-03-19 04:38:16 +08:00
const wsProtocol = location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
const wsAddress = wsProtocol + "//" + location.host + "/" + " {{{ live_reload_endpoint }}} ";
const socket = new WebSocket(wsAddress);
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
socket.onmessage = function (event) {
if (event.data === "reload") {
socket.close();
location.reload();
}
};
window.onbeforeunload = function() {
2018-01-07 22:10:48 +08:00
socket.close();
}
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
{{ / if }}
2020-06-22 07:34:25 -07:00
{{ # if playground_line_numbers }}
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2020-06-22 07:34:25 -07:00
window.playground_line_numbers = true;
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
{{ / if }}
2020-06-22 07:34:25 -07:00
{{ # if playground_copyable }}
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2020-06-22 07:34:25 -07:00
window.playground_copyable = true;
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
{{ / if }}
2020-06-22 07:34:25 -07:00
{{ # if playground_js }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource "ace.js" }} "></script>
<script src=" {{ resource "mode-rust.js" }} "></script>
2025-05-23 07:19:27 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource "editor.js" }} "></script>
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource "theme-dawn.js" }} "></script>
<script src=" {{ resource "theme-tomorrow_night.js" }} "></script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ / if }}
{{ # if search_js }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource "elasticlunr.min.js" }} "></script>
<script src=" {{ resource "mark.min.js" }} "></script>
<script src=" {{ resource "searcher.js" }} "></script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ / if }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource "clipboard.min.js" }} "></script>
<script src=" {{ resource "highlight.js" }} "></script>
<script src=" {{ resource "book.js" }} "></script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
{{ # each additional_js }}
2025-02-13 10:04:21 -07:00
<script src=" {{ resource this }} "></script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
{{ / each }}
{{ # if is_print }}
{{ # if mathjax_support }}
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook('End', function() {
2018-05-01 07:29:34 -05:00
window.setTimeout(window.print, 100);
});
});
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
{{ else }}
2022-08-29 21:07:50 +02:00
<script>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
window.addEventListener('load', function() {
2018-05-01 07:29:34 -05:00
window.setTimeout(window.print, 100);
});
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</script>
{{ / if }}
{{ / if }}
2018-05-01 07:29:34 -05:00
2025-07-08 15:37:46 -07:00
{{ # if fragment_map }}
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
const fragmentMap =
{{{ fragment_map }}}
;
const target = fragmentMap[window.location.hash];
if (target) {
let url = new URL(target, window.location.href);
window.location.replace(url.href);
}
});
</script>
{{ / if }}
2023-01-21 22:41:01 +01:00
</div>
2020-05-10 09:39:13 +02:00
</body>
2015-07-19 00:08:38 +02:00
</html>