prvng_extensions/taskservs/container_runtime/youki

Youki Task Service

Overview

The Youki task service provides a complete installation and configuration of Youki, a container runtime written in Rust that is designed to be fast, safe, and memory-efficient. Youki is an implementation of the OCI (Open Container Initiative) runtime specification and serves as a modern alternative to runc with enhanced performance and security characteristics.

Features

Core Runtime Features

• OCI Compliance - Full implementation of OCI Runtime Specification v1.0+
• High Performance - Written in Rust for optimal performance and low overhead
• Memory Safety - Rust's memory safety guarantees prevent common vulnerabilities
• Low Resource Usage - Minimal CPU and memory footprint
• Fast Container Startup - Optimized container creation and execution

Security Features

• Memory Safety - Rust prevents buffer overflows and memory corruption
• Zero-Cost Abstractions - High-level features without runtime overhead
• Secure by Default - Secure configuration defaults
• Namespace Support - Full Linux namespace support for isolation
• Capability Management - Fine-grained capability control

Advanced Features

• Cgroup Support - Both cgroups v1 and v2 support
• Rootless Containers - Full rootless operation support
• Hook Support - OCI lifecycle hooks implementation
• Logging Integration - Structured logging and debugging
• Cross-Platform - Support for multiple architectures

Integration Features

• Containerd Integration - Drop-in replacement for runc in containerd
• Podman Integration - Compatible with Podman container engine
• Kubernetes Support - Works with Kubernetes through containerd/CRI-O
• Docker Compatibility - Compatible with Docker through containerd
• OCI Tooling - Works with standard OCI tooling ecosystem

Development Features

• Rust Ecosystem - Benefits from Rust's robust ecosystem
• Modern Architecture - Clean, maintainable codebase
• Active Development - Rapidly evolving with new features
• Community Driven - Open source with active community
• Performance Monitoring - Built-in performance measurement tools

Configuration

Basic Configuration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
}

Production Configuration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
    configuration: {
        runtime_config: {
            log_level: "info"
            log_format: "json"
            systemd_cgroup: true
            rootless: true
            no_pivot_root: false
            no_new_keyring: false
        }
        security: {
            no_new_privileges: true
            selinux_enabled: true
            apparmor_enabled: true
            seccomp_enabled: true
            default_capabilities: [
                "CAP_CHOWN",
                "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE",
                "CAP_FOWNER",
                "CAP_FSETID",
                "CAP_KILL",
                "CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE",
                "CAP_SETFCAP",
                "CAP_SETGID",
                "CAP_SETPCAP",
                "CAP_SETUID",
                "CAP_SYS_CHROOT"
            ]
            dropped_capabilities: [
                "CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL",
                "CAP_AUDIT_READ",
                "CAP_AUDIT_WRITE",
                "CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND",
                "CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH",
                "CAP_IPC_LOCK",
                "CAP_IPC_OWNER",
                "CAP_LEASE",
                "CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",
                "CAP_MAC_ADMIN",
                "CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE",
                "CAP_MKNOD",
                "CAP_NET_ADMIN",
                "CAP_NET_RAW",
                "CAP_SETGID",
                "CAP_SETUID",
                "CAP_SYS_ADMIN",
                "CAP_SYS_BOOT",
                "CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
                "CAP_SYS_MODULE",
                "CAP_SYS_NICE",
                "CAP_SYS_PACCT",
                "CAP_SYS_PTRACE",
                "CAP_SYS_RAWIO",
                "CAP_SYS_RESOURCE",
                "CAP_SYS_TIME",
                "CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG",
                "CAP_SYSLOG",
                "CAP_WAKE_ALARM"
            ]
        }
        resource_limits: {
            default_memory_limit: "1GB"
            default_cpu_quota: 100000  # 1 CPU
            default_cpu_period: 100000
            default_pids_limit: 1024
            default_nofile_soft: 1024
            default_nofile_hard: 4096
        }
        cgroup_config: {
            cgroup_version: "v2"
            systemd_cgroup: true
            cgroup_path: "/sys/fs/cgroup"
            unified_hierarchy: true
        }
    }
    performance: {
        optimization_level: "release"
        memory_optimization: true
        cpu_optimization: true
        startup_optimization: true
        binary_size_optimization: false
    }
}

Containerd Integration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
    containerd_integration: {
        enabled: true
        runtime_type: "io.containerd.runc.v2"
        runtime_engine: "youki"
        runtime_root: "/run/containerd/youki"
        shim_debug: false
        shim_config: {
            shim_cgroup: "youki"
            containerd_binary: "/usr/bin/containerd"
            containerd_address: "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
        }
        runtime_options: {
            SystemdCgroup: true
            BinaryName: "/usr/local/bin/youki"
            Root: "/run/containerd/youki"
            NoPivotRoot: false
            NoNewKeyring: false
        }
    }
    features: {
        seccomp: true
        apparmor: true
        selinux: true
        cgroup_v2: true
        user_namespaces: true
        network_namespaces: true
        mount_namespaces: true
        pid_namespaces: true
        ipc_namespaces: true
        uts_namespaces: true
        time_namespaces: true
    }
}

Podman Integration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
    podman_integration: {
        enabled: true
        runtime_path: "/usr/local/bin/youki"
        runtime_type: "oci"
        runtime_supports_json: true
        runtime_supports_kvm: false
        runtime_supports_nocgroups: true
        cgroup_manager: "systemd"
        conmon_path: "/usr/bin/conmon"
        conmon_env_vars: [
            "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
        ]
        init_path: "/usr/libexec/podman/catatonit"
        static_dir: "/var/lib/containers/storage/libpod"
        tmp_dir: "/run/libpod"
        volume_path: "/var/lib/containers/storage/volumes"
    }
    logging: {
        log_driver: "journald"
        log_level: "info"
        log_size_max: "10MB"
        log_opts: {
            max_size: "10m"
            max_file: "3"
        }
        syslog_facility: "daemon"
        syslog_tag: "youki"
    }
}

Kubernetes CRI-O Integration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
    crio_integration: {
        enabled: true
        runtime_path: "/usr/local/bin/youki"
        runtime_type: "oci"
        runtime_root: "/run/youki"
        runtime_config_path: "/etc/youki/config.toml"
        privileged_without_host_devices: false
        allowed_annotations: [
            "io.kubernetes.cri-o.userns-mode"
        ]
        runtime_supports_json: true
        runtime_supports_kvm: false
    }
    kubernetes_features: {
        pod_level_resources: true
        container_resources: true
        security_context: true
        read_only_root_filesystem: true
        run_as_user: true
        run_as_group: true
        supplemental_groups: true
        fs_group: true
        selinux_options: true
        seccomp_profile: true
        apparmor_profile: true
    }
}

Development Configuration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
    development: {
        debug_enabled: true
        debug_level: "trace"
        log_to_console: true
        log_to_file: true
        log_file_path: "/var/log/youki/youki.log"
        profiling_enabled: true
        metrics_enabled: true
        benchmark_mode: false
        test_mode: false
    }
    build_config: {
        target_triple: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
        profile: "release"
        features: [
            "systemd",
            "cgroupsv2",
            "seccomp",
            "apparmor",
            "selinux"
        ]
        optimizations: {
            lto: true
            codegen_units: 1
            panic: "abort"
            strip_symbols: true
        }
        cross_compilation: {
            enabled: false
            targets: [
                "aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
                "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"
            ]
        }
    }
}

High-Performance Configuration

youki: Youki = {
    name: "youki"
    version: "0.3.0"
    performance_tuning: {
        cpu_optimization: {
            cpu_affinity: true
            numa_awareness: true
            cpu_quota_enforcement: "strict"
            cpu_shares: 1024
            cpu_period: 100000
            realtime_priority: false
        }
        memory_optimization: {
            memory_swappiness: 10
            memory_oom_kill_disable: false
            memory_use_hierarchy: true
            kernel_memory_tcp: true
            memory_limit_in_bytes: "4GB"
            memory_soft_limit_in_bytes: "3GB"
        }
        io_optimization: {
            blkio_weight: 500
            blkio_weight_device: []
            blkio_throttle_read_bps_device: []
            blkio_throttle_write_bps_device: []
            blkio_throttle_read_iops_device: []
            blkio_throttle_write_iops_device: []
        }
        network_optimization: {
            network_priority: 0
            network_classid: 0
            network_bandwidth_limit: "1Gbps"
        }
    }
    monitoring: {
        metrics_collection: true
        performance_counters: true
        resource_usage_tracking: true
        latency_measurements: true
        throughput_measurements: true
        memory_profiling: false
        cpu_profiling: false
    }
}

Usage

Deploy Youki

./core/nulib/provisioning taskserv create youki --infra <infrastructure-name>

List Available Task Services

./core/nulib/provisioning taskserv list

SSH to Youki Server

./core/nulib/provisioning server ssh <youki-server>

Basic Runtime Operations

# Check youki version
youki --version

# Show youki info
youki info

# Check runtime features
youki features

# Display help
youki --help
youki create --help

Container Lifecycle Management

# Create a container (requires OCI bundle)
youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle container-id

# Start the container
youki start container-id

# Check container state
youki state container-id

# Get container events
youki events container-id

# Execute command in container
youki exec container-id /bin/sh

# Kill container
youki kill container-id

# Delete container
youki delete container-id

Container State Management

# List all containers
youki list

# Show detailed container state
youki state container-id --format json

# Pause container execution
youki pause container-id

# Resume paused container
youki resume container-id

# Get container statistics
youki ps container-id

# Update container resources
youki update --memory 512M container-id

Integration with Containerd

# Configure containerd to use youki
sudo tee -a /etc/containerd/config.toml <<EOF
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki]
  runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki.options]
    BinaryName = "/usr/local/bin/youki"
    SystemdCgroup = true
EOF

# Restart containerd
sudo systemctl restart containerd

# Test with crictl
sudo crictl run --runtime youki container.json pod.json

Integration with Podman

# Configure podman to use youki
mkdir -p ~/.config/containers
cat > ~/.config/containers/containers.conf <<EOF
[containers]
default_runtime = "youki"

[engine]
runtime_map = { "youki" = ["/usr/local/bin/youki"] }
EOF

# Run container with youki
podman run --runtime youki -it alpine:latest /bin/sh

# Check runtime being used
podman info | grep -A 5 runtimes

Performance Testing

# Benchmark container creation
time youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle test-container

# Measure startup time
time (youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle test && youki start test)

# Memory usage monitoring
ps aux | grep youki
cat /proc/$(pgrep youki)/status | grep -E "(VmRSS|VmSize)"

# Performance comparison
hyperfine "youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle test-youki && youki start test-youki" \
          "runc create --bundle /path/to/bundle test-runc && runc start test-runc"

Debugging and Troubleshooting

# Enable debug logging
export YOUKI_LOG_LEVEL=debug
youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle container-id

# Check runtime logs
journalctl -u youki

# Trace system calls
strace -f youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle container-id

# Validate OCI bundle
youki spec-validate /path/to/bundle

# Check cgroup configuration
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/containerd.service/youki-*/memory.max

Development and Testing

# Build youki from source
git clone https://github.com/containers/youki.git
cd youki
cargo build --release

# Run integration tests
cargo test --tests

# Run performance benchmarks
cargo bench

# Generate documentation
cargo doc --open

# Check code formatting
cargo fmt --check

Architecture

System Architecture

┌─────────────────┐    ┌──────────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐
│   Container     │────│   Youki Runtime  │────│   Linux Kernel  │
│   Engines       │    │                  │    │                 │
│                 │    │ • OCI Spec       │    │ • Namespaces    │
│ • Containerd    │────│ • Process Mgmt   │────│ • Cgroups       │
│ • Podman        │    │ • Resource Ctrl  │    │ • Capabilities  │
│ • CRI-O         │    │ • Security       │    │ • Seccomp       │
└─────────────────┘    └──────────────────┘    └─────────────────┘

Youki Internal Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      Youki Runtime                         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  CLI Interface     │  Core Engine      │  System Interface │
│                    │                   │                   │
│ • Commands         │ • Container Mgmt  │ • Namespace API   │
│ • Config Parsing   │ • Process Control │ • Cgroup API      │
│ • State Management │ • Resource Limits │ • Mount API       │
│ • Error Handling   │ • Security Policy │ • Network API     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                    Rust Runtime Layer                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Memory Safety     │  Performance      │  Concurrency      │
│                    │                   │                   │
│ • Ownership Model  │ • Zero-Cost Abs   │ • Async Runtime   │
│ • Borrow Checker   │ • LLVM Optimized  │ • Thread Safety   │
│ • Type Safety      │ • Minimal Runtime │ • Lock-Free Ops   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Performance Comparison

Runtime  │ Language │ Binary Size │ Memory Usage │ Startup Time │ Throughput
─────────┼──────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────┼───────────
youki    │ Rust     │ ~15MB       │ ~8MB         │ ~50ms         │ High
runc     │ Go       │ ~20MB       │ ~15MB        │ ~100ms        │ Medium
crun     │ C        │ ~1MB        │ ~5MB         │ ~30ms         │ Very High

File Structure

/usr/local/bin/youki         # Main youki binary
/etc/youki/                  # Configuration directory
├── config.toml             # Runtime configuration
├── seccomp.json           # Default seccomp profile
└── apparmor.conf          # AppArmor configuration

/var/lib/youki/             # Runtime state directory
├── containers/            # Container state files
├── bundles/              # OCI bundle storage
└── logs/                 # Runtime logs

/run/youki/                # Runtime directory
├── state.json            # Global runtime state
└── containers/           # Per-container runtime data

~/.config/youki/           # User configuration
└── config.toml           # User-specific settings

Supported Operating Systems

• Ubuntu 20.04+ / Debian 11+
• CentOS 8+ / RHEL 8+ / Fedora 35+
• Amazon Linux 2+
• SUSE Linux Enterprise 15+
• Alpine Linux 3.15+

System Requirements

Minimum Requirements

• Kernel: Linux 5.0+ (5.4+ recommended)
• RAM: 100MB (minimal overhead)
• Storage: 50MB for binary and dependencies
• CPU: Any x86_64 or aarch64
• Rust: 1.65+ (for building from source)

Production Requirements

• Kernel: Linux 5.10+ with all container features
• RAM: 1GB+ (depends on container workload)
• Storage: 10GB+ for container storage
• CPU: Multi-core recommended for performance
• Features: cgroups v2, user namespaces, seccomp

Kernel Features Required

• Namespaces - PID, network, mount, UTS, IPC, user, time
• Cgroups - v1 and/or v2 support
• Capabilities - Linux capabilities system
• Seccomp - System call filtering
• AppArmor/SELinux - Mandatory access control (optional)

Troubleshooting

Installation Issues

# Check youki installation
youki --version
which youki

# Verify required kernel features
youki features

# Check system compatibility
youki check

# Build from source if needed
git clone https://github.com/containers/youki.git
cd youki && cargo build --release

Runtime Issues

# Enable debug logging
export YOUKI_LOG_LEVEL=debug
export RUST_LOG=debug

# Check container state
youki state container-id

# Validate OCI bundle
youki spec-validate /path/to/bundle

# Check cgroup mounts
mount | grep cgroup
ls -la /sys/fs/cgroup/

Performance Issues

# Check resource usage
youki ps container-id
top -p $(pgrep youki)

# Monitor system calls
strace -c youki start container-id

# Profile performance
perf record youki start container-id
perf report

# Memory profiling
valgrind --tool=massif youki start container-id

Container Issues

# Check container logs
youki events container-id
journalctl -f | grep youki

# Debug container creation
youki create --bundle /bundle --debug container-id

# Check namespace setup
lsns -t pid,net,mnt,uts,ipc,user
ps -eo pid,pidns,netns,mntns,userns,comm

# Inspect cgroup configuration
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/*/youki-*/cgroup.controllers
systemd-cgls youki

Integration Issues

# Check containerd integration
containerd config dump | grep youki
crictl info | grep -A 5 runtimes

# Test podman integration
podman info | grep -A 10 runtimes
podman run --runtime youki --rm hello-world

# Debug shim issues
journalctl -u containerd | grep youki
containerd --log-level debug

Security Considerations

Runtime Security

• Memory Safety - Rust prevents buffer overflows and memory corruption
• Type Safety - Strong type system prevents many security issues
• Secure Defaults - Secure configuration out of the box
• Minimal Attack Surface - Small, focused codebase

Container Security

• Namespace Isolation - Full namespace support for process isolation
• Capability Management - Fine-grained Linux capability control
• Seccomp Filtering - System call filtering for attack prevention
• AppArmor/SELinux - Mandatory access control integration

Resource Security

• Cgroup Enforcement - Strict resource limit enforcement
• Memory Protection - Memory limit and OOM protection
• CPU Protection - CPU usage and priority controls
• I/O Protection - Block and network I/O limits

Operational Security

• Audit Logging - Comprehensive operation logging
• State Validation - Container state integrity checking
• Secure Communication - Secure inter-process communication
• Regular Updates - Active security maintenance

Performance Optimization

Build Optimization

• Release Profile - Use optimized release builds
• Link-Time Optimization - Enable LTO for better performance
• Target-Specific - Build for specific CPU architectures
• Feature Selection - Enable only required features

Runtime Optimization

• Cgroup v2 - Use cgroups v2 for better performance
• Systemd Integration - Use systemd for process management
• Memory Management - Optimize memory allocation patterns
• CPU Affinity - Pin containers to specific CPU cores

System Optimization

• Kernel Configuration - Optimize kernel for container workloads
• File System - Use appropriate file systems (ext4, xfs, overlay2)
• Network Stack - Optimize network configuration
• Storage Performance - Use fast storage for container data

Monitoring Optimization

• Metrics Collection - Collect relevant performance metrics
• Resource Monitoring - Monitor CPU, memory, I/O usage
• Latency Tracking - Track container startup and operation latencies
• Throughput Monitoring - Monitor container operation throughput

Integration Examples

Containerd Configuration

# /etc/containerd/config.toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki]
  runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki.options]
    BinaryName = "/usr/local/bin/youki"
    SystemdCgroup = true
    Root = "/run/containerd/youki"

CRI-O Configuration

# /etc/crio/crio.conf
[crio.runtime.runtimes.youki]
runtime_path = "/usr/local/bin/youki"
runtime_type = "oci"
runtime_root = "/run/youki"

Systemd Service

[Unit]
Description=Youki Container Runtime
Documentation=https://github.com/containers/youki

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/youki
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=1048576
LimitCORE=infinity

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Resources

• Official Repository: github.com/containers/youki
• Documentation: containers.github.io/youki
• OCI Runtime Spec: github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec
• Rust Documentation: doc.rust-lang.org
• Container Security: kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/security