9cef9b8d57
Merge _configs/ into config/ for single configuration directory. Update all path references. Changes: - Move _configs/* to config/ - Update .gitignore for new patterns - No code references to _configs/ found Impact: -1 root directory (layout_conventions.md compliance)
809 lines
28 KiB
Markdown
809 lines
28 KiB
Markdown
# 🎛️ Estrategia de Gestión y Orquestación en Producción
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**Fecha**: 2025-11-20
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**Nivel**: Arquitectura y Operaciones
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**Enfoque**: Multi-proyecto, escalable, production-grade
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---
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## 📋 Tabla de Contenidos
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1. [Modelo de Gestión Centralizado](#modelo-de-gestión-centralizado)
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2. [Orquestación Multi-Proyecto](#orquestación-multi-proyecto)
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3. [Ciclo de Vida de Servicios](#ciclo-de-vida-de-servicios)
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4. [Control de Cambios](#control-de-cambios)
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5. [Monitoreo y Observabilidad](#monitoreo-y-observabilidad)
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6. [Disaster Recovery](#disaster-recovery)
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---
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## 🏛️ Modelo de Gestión Centralizado
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### Arquitectura de Control Central
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ CONTROL CENTER (Central Repository) │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Git Repository (Single Source of Truth) │
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│ ├─ /services/ │
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│ │ ├─ catalog.toml (Global service registry) │
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│ │ ├─ patterns.toml (Deployment patterns) │
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│ │ └─ versions.toml (Version tracking) │
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│ │ │
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│ ├─ /projects/ (Multi-tenant definitions) │
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│ │ ├─ project-a/ (Project-specific configs) │
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│ │ │ ├─ services.toml │
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│ │ │ ├─ deployment.toml │
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│ │ │ └─ monitoring.toml │
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│ │ ├─ project-b/ │
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│ │ └─ project-c/ │
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│ │ │
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│ ├─ /infrastructure/ (KCL cluster definitions) │
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│ │ ├─ staging.k (Staging cluster) │
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│ │ └─ production.k (Production cluster) │
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│ │ │
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│ ├─ /policies/ (Governance rules) │
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│ │ ├─ security.toml (Security policies) │
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│ │ ├─ compliance.toml (Compliance rules) │
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│ │ └─ sla.toml (SLA definitions) │
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│ │ │
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│ └─ /documentation/ (Autogenerated docs) │
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│ ├─ SERVICES.md (Service inventory) │
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│ ├─ TOPOLOGY.md (Dependency map) │
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│ └─ RUNBOOK.md (Operational procedures) │
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│ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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↑ ↓
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│ │
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CI/CD Pipeline GitOps Agent (ArgoCD/Flux)
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- Validate - Sync configs
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- Test - Apply changes
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- Generate - Monitor drift
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- Publish
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```
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### Flujo de Cambios Controlado
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```
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1. PROPUESTA DE CAMBIO
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Developer → PR con cambios en catalog.toml
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2. VALIDACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA
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├─ Schema validation
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├─ Dependency analysis
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├─ Security scanning
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├─ Generate preview outputs
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└─ Run integration tests
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3. REVISIÓN HUMANA
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Code review + deployment review
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4. MERGE Y PUBLICACIÓN
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Merge a main → trigger CI/CD
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5. GENERACIÓN
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├─ Generate Docker images
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├─ Generate K8s manifests
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├─ Generate Terraform code
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└─ Generate KCL schemas
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6. DEPLOYMENT AUTOMÁTICO
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ArgoCD/Flux sync a:
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├─ Staging (auto)
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├─ Production (manual approval)
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└─ Multi-region (canary)
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```
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---
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## 🌍 Orquestación Multi-Proyecto
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### Arquitectura Multi-Tenant
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```
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┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ ServiceRegistry Central (Shared) │
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│ - Core service definitions │
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│ - Global patterns │
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│ - Shared infrastructure config │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
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┌───────────┴────┴────┴────┴──────────┐
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│ │
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↓ ↓ ↓
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┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐
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│ Project │ │ Project │ │ Project │
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│ A │ │ B │ │ C │
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├──────────┤ ├──────────┤ ├──────────┤
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│ Services │ │ Services │ │ Services │
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│ (subset) │ │ (subset) │ │ (subset) │
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│ │ │ │ │ │
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│ Custom: │ │ Custom: │ │ Custom: │
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│ - Repos │ │ - Repos │ │ - Repos │
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│ - Env │ │ - Env │ │ - Env │
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│ - Policy │ │ - Policy │ │ - Policy │
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└──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘
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│ │ │
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└──────────────┴──────────────┘
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↓
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┌─────────────────────┐
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│ Orchestrator │
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│ (Central Control) │
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│ │
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│ validate() │
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│ generate() │
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│ deploy() │
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│ monitor() │
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└─────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌─────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Infrastructure Targets │
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│ ├─ Docker (local dev) │
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│ ├─ Kubernetes (staging) │
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│ ├─ Kubernetes (production) │
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│ └─ KCL (cluster mgmt) │
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└─────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Gestión de Dependencias Cross-Project
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```toml
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# /services/catalog.toml (Global)
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[service.shared-auth]
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name = "shared-auth"
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type = "microservice"
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owner = "platform-team"
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version = "1.2.3"
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compat_version_min = "1.0.0"
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deprecation_date = "2026-06-30"
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[service.shared-auth.consumers]
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# Qué proyectos usan este servicio
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projects = ["project-a", "project-b", "project-c"]
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required_by = ["api-gateway"]
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[service.shared-auth.governance]
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# Quién puede cambiar esto
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approvers = ["@platform-team", "@security-team"]
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change_log = "link-to-changelog"
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break_changes_notice = 30 # días de aviso
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---
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# /projects/project-a/services.toml (Project-specific)
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[project-specific.project-a]
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name = "E-Commerce Platform"
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environment = "production"
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tier = "critical"
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[service.project-a-frontend]
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name = "project-a-frontend"
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type = "web"
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description = "E-commerce UI"
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version = "2.1.0"
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[service.project-a-frontend.dependencies]
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requires = ["project-a-api", "shared-auth"]
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optional = ["analytics-service"]
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# Validación: shared-auth debe estar en versión >= 1.0.0
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# Automático: Si shared-auth cambia, project-a se valida
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```
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### Validación de Cambios Cross-Project
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```rust
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// En provisioning/src/orchestrator.rs
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pub struct OrchestratorValidator;
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impl OrchestratorValidator {
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/// Validar cambios en dependencies globales
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pub async fn validate_cross_project_impact(
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&self,
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changed_service: &Service,
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registry: &ServiceRegistry,
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) -> Result<CrossProjectImpact> {
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let affected_projects = registry
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.find_consumers(changed_service.id())
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.await?;
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let mut impact = CrossProjectImpact::new();
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for project in affected_projects {
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// Check version compatibility
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if !self.check_version_compat(changed_service, &project)? {
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impact.add_breaking_change(project);
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}
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// Check dependency graph
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if self.would_create_cycle(&changed_service, &project)? {
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impact.add_circular_dependency(project);
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}
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// Check SLA compliance
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if !self.check_sla_impact(changed_service, &project)? {
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impact.add_sla_violation(project);
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}
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}
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Ok(impact)
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}
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/// Notificar affected projects
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pub async fn notify_affected_projects(
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&self,
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impact: &CrossProjectImpact,
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) -> Result<()> {
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for (project, issues) in impact.iter() {
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// Send notification to project owners
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self.notify_slack(
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&format!("⚠️ Service change impacts {}: {:?}",
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project.name, issues)
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).await?;
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// Create automatic issue in project
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self.create_github_issue(project, issues).await?;
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 🔄 Ciclo de Vida de Servicios
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### Estados y Transiciones
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```
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DEVELOPMENT
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↓
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[Versioning: 0.x.y]
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[Stability: Experimental]
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├─ Code review required
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├─ Tests required
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└─ Only in staging
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↓
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BETA
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↓
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[Versioning: 1.0.0-beta.x]
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[Stability: Unstable]
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├─ Limited production use (opt-in)
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├─ 30-day notice for changes
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└─ Changelog required
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↓
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GA (General Availability)
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↓
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[Versioning: 1.x.y]
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[Stability: Stable]
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├─ Backward compatibility guaranteed
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├─ SLA: 99.9% availability
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└─ Deprecation path required for breaking changes
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↓
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MAINTENANCE
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↓
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[Versioning: 1.x.y LTS]
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[Stability: Mature]
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├─ Security fixes only
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├─ 12-month support window
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└─ No new features
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↓
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DEPRECATED
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↓
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[Versioning: old]
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[Stability: EOL]
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├─ Replacement service recommended
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├─ 6-month migration window
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└─ No support
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↓
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RETIRED
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↓
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[Removed from catalog]
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```
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### Transiciones Controladas
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```toml
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# services-catalog.toml con ciclo de vida
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[service.old-api]
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name = "old-api"
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status = "deprecated"
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deprecation_date = "2025-11-20"
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sunset_date = "2026-05-20" # 6 meses desde deprecación
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replacement_service = "new-api"
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[service.old-api.migration]
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guide_url = "https://wiki.example.com/old-api-migration"
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support_until = "2026-05-20"
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migration_difficulty = "easy" # easy, moderate, hard
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estimated_effort_hours = 2
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[service.new-api]
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name = "new-api"
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status = "ga"
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version = "2.0.0"
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compat_with = [] # Sin retrocompatibilidad
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[service.new-api.sla]
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availability = "99.9%"
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response_time_p99 = "100ms"
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break_handling = "graceful"
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```
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---
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## 🔐 Control de Cambios
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### Proceso de Cambio de Servicios
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```
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 1. IDENTIFICAR NECESIDAD DE CAMBIO │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Tipos de cambios: │
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│ ├─ Bugfix (patch, low risk) │
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│ ├─ Feature (minor, medium risk) │
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│ ├─ Breaking Change (major, high) │
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│ └─ Deprecation (migration needed) │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 2. CREAR PROPUESTA DE CAMBIO │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Branch: feature/service-update │
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│ Edit: services/catalog.toml │
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│ Add: CHANGELOG entry │
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│ Document: Migration guide (si breaking)
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 3. VALIDACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Schema validation │
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│ ├─ ✓ TOML syntax │
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│ ├─ ✓ All required fields │
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│ └─ ✓ Semantic constraints │
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│ │
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│ Dependency validation │
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│ ├─ ✓ No circular dependencies │
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│ ├─ ✓ All required services exist │
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│ └─ ✓ Version compatibility │
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│ │
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│ Cross-project impact │
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│ ├─ ✓ No SLA violations │
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│ ├─ ✓ Consumer notification │
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│ └─ ✓ Breaking change policy │
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│ │
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│ Security scanning │
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│ ├─ ✓ No exposed credentials │
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│ ├─ ✓ Compliance rules OK │
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│ └─ ✓ Network policies valid │
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│ │
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│ Preview generation │
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│ ├─ ✓ Docker Compose preview │
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│ ├─ ✓ K8s manifests preview │
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│ ├─ ✓ Terraform preview │
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│ └─ ✓ Show diff from current │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 4. REVISIÓN DE CAMBIOS (CODE REVIEW)│
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Reviewer role: @platform-team │
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│ Questions to answer: │
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│ ├─ ¿Por qué este cambio? │
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│ ├─ ¿Afecta a otros proyectos? │
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│ ├─ ¿Necesita documentación? │
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│ ├─ ¿Es una breaking change? │
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│ └─ ¿Hay tests? │
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│ │
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│ Approval gates: │
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│ ├─ Code review (required) │
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│ ├─ Security review (if sensitive) │
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│ ├─ Architecture review (if major) │
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│ └─ Compliance check (if regulated) │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 5. MERGE A MAIN │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Merge strategy: Squash + sign │
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│ Commit message: Include change type │
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│ Tag: version-x.y.z │
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│ CHANGELOG: Auto-updated │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 6. CI/CD PIPELINE TRIGGERED │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ ├─ Generate Docker images │
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│ ├─ Push to registry │
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│ ├─ Update K8s manifests │
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│ ├─ Update Terraform modules │
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│ ├─ Generate KCL schemas │
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│ ├─ Create release notes │
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│ └─ Publish documentation │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 7. DEPLOYMENT A STAGING │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Automated (ArgoCD sync): │
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│ ├─ Apply K8s manifests │
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│ ├─ Health check (5 min) │
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│ ├─ Integration test (10 min) │
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│ ├─ Performance test (5 min) │
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│ └─ Rollback if failed │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 8. MANUAL APPROVAL PARA PRODUCCIÓN │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Approval gates: │
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│ ├─ Staging tests passed │
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│ ├─ Product owner approval │
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│ ├─ Security approval (if sensitive) │
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│ └─ Operations approval │
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│ │
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│ Deployment options: │
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│ ├─ Immediate (low-risk changes) │
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│ ├─ Canary (5% traffic) │
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│ ├─ Blue-Green (full switch) │
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│ └─ Scheduled (off-hours) │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 9. DEPLOYMENT A PRODUCCIÓN │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ Deployment flow: │
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│ ├─ Health check pre-deployment │
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│ ├─ Canary deployment (if enabled) │
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│ ├─ Gradual rollout │
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│ ├─ Health check post-deployment │
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│ └─ Monitoring & alerts │
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│ │
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│ Rollback readiness: │
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│ ├─ Previous version tagged │
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│ ├─ Rollback automated if needed │
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│ ├─ Automatic incident creation │
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│ └─ Notification to team │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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↓
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┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 10. MONITOREO POST-DEPLOYMENT │
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├──────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ SLA monitoring (24h): │
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│ ├─ Availability > 99.9% │
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│ ├─ Error rate < 0.1% │
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│ ├─ P99 latency < threshold │
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│ └─ No critical incidents │
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│ │
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│ Si falla: │
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│ ├─ Automatic rollback │
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│ ├─ Incident created │
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│ ├─ RCA scheduled │
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│ └─ Fix deployed │
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│ │
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└──────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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---
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|
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## 📊 Monitoreo y Observabilidad
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|
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### Métricas de Servicios
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|
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```toml
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# monitoring.toml para cada proyecto
|
|
|
|
[monitoring.project-a]
|
|
level = "critical" # critical, high, medium, low
|
|
|
|
[service.project-a-api.metrics]
|
|
# Availability
|
|
availability_threshold = 99.9
|
|
availability_check_interval = "60s"
|
|
|
|
# Performance
|
|
response_time_p50 = "50ms"
|
|
response_time_p95 = "100ms"
|
|
response_time_p99 = "200ms"
|
|
|
|
# Error rates
|
|
error_rate_threshold = 0.1 # 0.1%
|
|
error_type_alerts = ["5xx", "timeout", "timeout"]
|
|
|
|
# Business metrics
|
|
active_users_threshold = 1000
|
|
transaction_success_rate = 99.5
|
|
|
|
# Resource utilization
|
|
cpu_threshold = "80%"
|
|
memory_threshold = "85%"
|
|
disk_threshold = "90%"
|
|
|
|
[service.project-a-api.alerts]
|
|
critical = ["slack#critical-alerts"]
|
|
warning = ["slack#warnings", "email@ops"]
|
|
info = ["slack#info"]
|
|
|
|
[service.project-a-api.alerts.escalation]
|
|
time_to_escalate = "5m"
|
|
escalate_to = ["@on-call"]
|
|
page_if = "critical"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Dashboard de Control
|
|
|
|
```yaml
|
|
# monitoring-dashboard.yml
|
|
|
|
apiVersion: v1
|
|
kind: ServiceMonitoringDashboard
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: platform-control-center
|
|
namespace: monitoring
|
|
|
|
sections:
|
|
- name: Service Inventory
|
|
widgets:
|
|
- type: service_list
|
|
filter: status == "active"
|
|
columns: [name, version, status, owner, sla]
|
|
|
|
- type: dependency_graph
|
|
show_cross_project: true
|
|
highlight_breaking_changes: true
|
|
|
|
- type: deployment_timeline
|
|
time_range: "7d"
|
|
show_rollbacks: true
|
|
|
|
- name: Change Management
|
|
widgets:
|
|
- type: pending_changes
|
|
approval_required: true
|
|
|
|
- type: change_pipeline_status
|
|
stages: [validation, review, deploy-staging, deploy-prod]
|
|
|
|
- type: rollback_frequency
|
|
time_range: "30d"
|
|
by_service: true
|
|
|
|
- type: change_calendar
|
|
show_maintenance_windows: true
|
|
|
|
- name: SLA Compliance
|
|
widgets:
|
|
- type: sla_status
|
|
group_by: project
|
|
highlight_violations: true
|
|
|
|
- type: mttr_trends
|
|
time_range: "30d"
|
|
|
|
- type: incident_frequency
|
|
by_severity: true
|
|
|
|
- name: Cross-Project Impact
|
|
widgets:
|
|
- type: shared_service_usage
|
|
show_deprecations: true
|
|
|
|
- type: version_compliance
|
|
check_min_versions: true
|
|
|
|
- type: migration_status
|
|
for_deprecated_services: true
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## 🚨 Disaster Recovery
|
|
|
|
### Estrategia de Recuperación
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
ESCENARIO 1: Service Definition Corrupted
|
|
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
|
|
|
|
Detection: Validation pipeline fails
|
|
├─ Automatic rollback of commit
|
|
├─ Revert PR automatically
|
|
├─ Notify team on Slack
|
|
└─ Create incident
|
|
|
|
Recovery: 30 seconds
|
|
├─ Last known good state restored
|
|
├─ Previous manifests still deployed
|
|
├─ No downtime
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
ESCENARIO 2: Breaking Change Not Caught
|
|
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
|
|
|
|
Detection: Project fails integration tests
|
|
├─ Pre-deployment checks catch it
|
|
├─ Automatic canary rollback (5% traffic)
|
|
├─ Full rollback if P99 latency increases
|
|
└─ Incident auto-created
|
|
|
|
Prevention:
|
|
├─ Cross-project validation (before deploy)
|
|
├─ SLA monitoring (during canary)
|
|
├─ Automated rollback thresholds
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
ESCENARIO 3: Infrastructure Failure
|
|
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
|
|
|
|
Detection: KCL cluster schema fails
|
|
├─ Terraform apply fails validation
|
|
├─ No deployment attempted
|
|
├─ Configuration stays in valid state
|
|
|
|
Recovery: Manual remediation
|
|
├─ Infrastructure team alerted
|
|
├─ Re-generate KCL from service definitions
|
|
├─ Terraform plan reviewed
|
|
└─ Apply with approval
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
ESCENARIO 4: Accidental Service Deletion
|
|
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
|
|
|
|
Detection: CI validates missing service is in use
|
|
├─ Validation fails (service required but not in registry)
|
|
├─ Commit cannot merge
|
|
└─ PR blocked until restored
|
|
|
|
Recovery:
|
|
├─ Git history shows deleted service definition
|
|
├─ Restore from last commit
|
|
├─ Re-validate dependencies
|
|
└─ Redeploy
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Backup y Versionado
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Git Repository (Auto-backed up)
|
|
├─ services/catalog.toml (all history)
|
|
├─ projects/*/services.toml (all history)
|
|
├─ infrastructure/*.k (all history)
|
|
└─ Tags: v1.0.0, v1.1.0, etc. (releases)
|
|
|
|
Artifact Repository (Docker Registry)
|
|
├─ syntaxis/syntaxis-api:v2.1.0
|
|
├─ syntaxis/syntaxis-api:v2.0.0 (previous)
|
|
├─ syntaxis/syntaxis-api:v1.9.0 (previous)
|
|
└─ Latest: syntaxis/syntaxis-api:latest
|
|
|
|
Kubernetes (etcd backup)
|
|
├─ Daily snapshots
|
|
├─ 30-day retention
|
|
└─ Cross-region replication
|
|
|
|
Disaster Recovery SLA
|
|
├─ RTO (Recovery Time Objective): < 1 hour
|
|
├─ RPO (Recovery Point Objective): < 5 minutes
|
|
└─ Backup test: Weekly
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## 🎯 Resumen Operacional
|
|
|
|
### Checklist de Gestión Diaria
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
☐ Morning Briefing (10 min)
|
|
├─ Check pending changes
|
|
├─ Review deployment status
|
|
├─ Check SLA compliance
|
|
└─ Review critical incidents
|
|
|
|
☐ Change Review (30 min/change)
|
|
├─ Validate change request
|
|
├─ Review impact analysis
|
|
├─ Approve or request changes
|
|
└─ Monitor deployment
|
|
|
|
☐ Incident Management (as needed)
|
|
├─ Create incident ticket
|
|
├─ Assess impact
|
|
├─ Initiate rollback if needed
|
|
└─ Post-mortem within 24h
|
|
|
|
☐ End of Day Reporting (5 min)
|
|
├─ Document any incidents
|
|
├─ Update SLA tracking
|
|
├─ Prepare handoff for next shift
|
|
└─ Archive deployment logs
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Escalation Matrix
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
SEVERITY | RESPONSE | ESCALATION | NOTIFICATION
|
|
─────────┼──────────┼────────────┼──────────────
|
|
Critical │ 5 min │ 15 min │ Page on-call
|
|
High │ 15 min │ 30 min │ Slack #high
|
|
Medium │ 30 min │ 1 hour │ Slack #med
|
|
Low │ 1 hour │ 4 hours │ Slack #low
|
|
Info │ 4 hours │ None │ Daily digest
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
## 📚 Documentación Automática
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Generada automáticamente desde catalog.toml
|
|
|
|
docs/
|
|
├─ SERVICES.md
|
|
│ ├─ Service listing con metadata
|
|
│ ├─ Port assignments
|
|
│ ├─ Dependencies
|
|
│ └─ Health check endpoints
|
|
│
|
|
├─ TOPOLOGY.md
|
|
│ ├─ Dependency graph (texto)
|
|
│ ├─ Cross-project impact
|
|
│ ├─ Version compatibility matrix
|
|
│ └─ Deprecation timeline
|
|
│
|
|
├─ RUNBOOK.md
|
|
│ ├─ How to add new service
|
|
│ ├─ How to update service
|
|
│ ├─ How to deprecate service
|
|
│ ├─ How to handle incidents
|
|
│ └─ How to perform maintenance
|
|
│
|
|
├─ DEPLOYMENT.md
|
|
│ ├─ Deployment procedure
|
|
│ ├─ Rollback procedure
|
|
│ ├─ Canary deployment
|
|
│ └─ Blue-green deployment
|
|
│
|
|
└─ TROUBLESHOOTING.md
|
|
├─ Common issues
|
|
├─ Root causes
|
|
├─ Solutions
|
|
└─ Prevention measures
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
**Conclusión**: Una gestión centralizada con validación automatizada, control de cambios estricto y observabilidad completa permite escalar a múltiples proyectos sin sacrificar seguridad o confiabilidad.
|