800 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
800 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
# Youki Task Service
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## Overview
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The Youki task service provides a complete installation and configuration of [Youki](https://github.com/containers/youki), a container runtime written in Rust that is designed to be fast, safe, and memory-efficient. Youki is an implementation of the OCI (Open Container Initiative) runtime specification and serves as a modern alternative to runc with enhanced performance and security characteristics.
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## Features
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### Core Runtime Features
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- **OCI Compliance** - Full implementation of OCI Runtime Specification v1.0+
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- **High Performance** - Written in Rust for optimal performance and low overhead
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- **Memory Safety** - Rust's memory safety guarantees prevent common vulnerabilities
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- **Low Resource Usage** - Minimal CPU and memory footprint
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- **Fast Container Startup** - Optimized container creation and execution
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### Security Features
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- **Memory Safety** - Rust prevents buffer overflows and memory corruption
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- **Zero-Cost Abstractions** - High-level features without runtime overhead
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- **Secure by Default** - Secure configuration defaults
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- **Namespace Support** - Full Linux namespace support for isolation
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- **Capability Management** - Fine-grained capability control
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### Advanced Features
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- **Cgroup Support** - Both cgroups v1 and v2 support
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- **Rootless Containers** - Full rootless operation support
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- **Hook Support** - OCI lifecycle hooks implementation
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- **Logging Integration** - Structured logging and debugging
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- **Cross-Platform** - Support for multiple architectures
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### Integration Features
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- **Containerd Integration** - Drop-in replacement for runc in containerd
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- **Podman Integration** - Compatible with Podman container engine
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- **Kubernetes Support** - Works with Kubernetes through containerd/CRI-O
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- **Docker Compatibility** - Compatible with Docker through containerd
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- **OCI Tooling** - Works with standard OCI tooling ecosystem
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### Development Features
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- **Rust Ecosystem** - Benefits from Rust's robust ecosystem
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- **Modern Architecture** - Clean, maintainable codebase
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- **Active Development** - Rapidly evolving with new features
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- **Community Driven** - Open source with active community
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- **Performance Monitoring** - Built-in performance measurement tools
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## Configuration
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### Basic Configuration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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}
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```
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### Production Configuration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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configuration: {
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runtime_config: {
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log_level: "info"
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log_format: "json"
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systemd_cgroup: true
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rootless: true
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no_pivot_root: false
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no_new_keyring: false
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}
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security: {
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no_new_privileges: true
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selinux_enabled: true
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apparmor_enabled: true
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seccomp_enabled: true
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default_capabilities: [
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"CAP_CHOWN",
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"CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE",
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"CAP_FOWNER",
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"CAP_FSETID",
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"CAP_KILL",
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"CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE",
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"CAP_SETFCAP",
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"CAP_SETGID",
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"CAP_SETPCAP",
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"CAP_SETUID",
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"CAP_SYS_CHROOT"
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]
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dropped_capabilities: [
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"CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL",
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"CAP_AUDIT_READ",
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"CAP_AUDIT_WRITE",
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"CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND",
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"CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH",
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"CAP_IPC_LOCK",
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"CAP_IPC_OWNER",
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"CAP_LEASE",
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"CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",
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"CAP_MAC_ADMIN",
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"CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE",
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"CAP_MKNOD",
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"CAP_NET_ADMIN",
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"CAP_NET_RAW",
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"CAP_SETGID",
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"CAP_SETUID",
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"CAP_SYS_ADMIN",
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"CAP_SYS_BOOT",
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"CAP_SYS_CHROOT",
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"CAP_SYS_MODULE",
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"CAP_SYS_NICE",
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"CAP_SYS_PACCT",
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"CAP_SYS_PTRACE",
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"CAP_SYS_RAWIO",
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"CAP_SYS_RESOURCE",
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"CAP_SYS_TIME",
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"CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG",
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"CAP_SYSLOG",
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"CAP_WAKE_ALARM"
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]
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}
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resource_limits: {
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default_memory_limit: "1GB"
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default_cpu_quota: 100000 # 1 CPU
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default_cpu_period: 100000
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default_pids_limit: 1024
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default_nofile_soft: 1024
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default_nofile_hard: 4096
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}
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cgroup_config: {
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cgroup_version: "v2"
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systemd_cgroup: true
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cgroup_path: "/sys/fs/cgroup"
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unified_hierarchy: true
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}
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}
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performance: {
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optimization_level: "release"
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memory_optimization: true
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cpu_optimization: true
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startup_optimization: true
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binary_size_optimization: false
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}
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}
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```
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### Containerd Integration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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containerd_integration: {
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enabled: true
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runtime_type: "io.containerd.runc.v2"
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runtime_engine: "youki"
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runtime_root: "/run/containerd/youki"
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shim_debug: false
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shim_config: {
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shim_cgroup: "youki"
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containerd_binary: "/usr/bin/containerd"
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containerd_address: "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
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}
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runtime_options: {
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SystemdCgroup: true
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BinaryName: "/usr/local/bin/youki"
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Root: "/run/containerd/youki"
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NoPivotRoot: false
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NoNewKeyring: false
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}
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}
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features: {
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seccomp: true
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apparmor: true
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selinux: true
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cgroup_v2: true
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user_namespaces: true
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network_namespaces: true
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mount_namespaces: true
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pid_namespaces: true
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ipc_namespaces: true
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uts_namespaces: true
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time_namespaces: true
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}
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}
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```
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### Podman Integration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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podman_integration: {
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enabled: true
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runtime_path: "/usr/local/bin/youki"
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runtime_type: "oci"
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runtime_supports_json: true
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runtime_supports_kvm: false
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runtime_supports_nocgroups: true
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cgroup_manager: "systemd"
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conmon_path: "/usr/bin/conmon"
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conmon_env_vars: [
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"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
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]
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init_path: "/usr/libexec/podman/catatonit"
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static_dir: "/var/lib/containers/storage/libpod"
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tmp_dir: "/run/libpod"
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volume_path: "/var/lib/containers/storage/volumes"
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}
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logging: {
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log_driver: "journald"
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log_level: "info"
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log_size_max: "10MB"
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log_opts: {
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max_size: "10m"
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max_file: "3"
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}
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syslog_facility: "daemon"
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syslog_tag: "youki"
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}
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}
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```
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### Kubernetes CRI-O Integration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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crio_integration: {
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enabled: true
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runtime_path: "/usr/local/bin/youki"
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runtime_type: "oci"
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runtime_root: "/run/youki"
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runtime_config_path: "/etc/youki/config.toml"
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privileged_without_host_devices: false
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allowed_annotations: [
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"io.kubernetes.cri-o.userns-mode"
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]
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runtime_supports_json: true
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runtime_supports_kvm: false
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}
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kubernetes_features: {
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pod_level_resources: true
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container_resources: true
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security_context: true
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read_only_root_filesystem: true
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run_as_user: true
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run_as_group: true
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supplemental_groups: true
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fs_group: true
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selinux_options: true
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seccomp_profile: true
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apparmor_profile: true
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}
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}
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```
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### Development Configuration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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development: {
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debug_enabled: true
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debug_level: "trace"
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log_to_console: true
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log_to_file: true
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log_file_path: "/var/log/youki/youki.log"
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profiling_enabled: true
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metrics_enabled: true
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benchmark_mode: false
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test_mode: false
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}
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build_config: {
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target_triple: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"
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profile: "release"
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features: [
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"systemd",
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"cgroupsv2",
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"seccomp",
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"apparmor",
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"selinux"
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]
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optimizations: {
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lto: true
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codegen_units: 1
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panic: "abort"
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strip_symbols: true
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}
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cross_compilation: {
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enabled: false
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targets: [
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"aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu",
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"armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"
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]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### High-Performance Configuration
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```kcl
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youki: Youki = {
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name: "youki"
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version: "0.3.0"
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performance_tuning: {
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cpu_optimization: {
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cpu_affinity: true
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numa_awareness: true
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cpu_quota_enforcement: "strict"
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cpu_shares: 1024
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cpu_period: 100000
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realtime_priority: false
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}
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memory_optimization: {
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memory_swappiness: 10
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memory_oom_kill_disable: false
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memory_use_hierarchy: true
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kernel_memory_tcp: true
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memory_limit_in_bytes: "4GB"
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memory_soft_limit_in_bytes: "3GB"
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}
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io_optimization: {
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blkio_weight: 500
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blkio_weight_device: []
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blkio_throttle_read_bps_device: []
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blkio_throttle_write_bps_device: []
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blkio_throttle_read_iops_device: []
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blkio_throttle_write_iops_device: []
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}
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network_optimization: {
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network_priority: 0
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network_classid: 0
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network_bandwidth_limit: "1Gbps"
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}
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}
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monitoring: {
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metrics_collection: true
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performance_counters: true
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resource_usage_tracking: true
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latency_measurements: true
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throughput_measurements: true
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memory_profiling: false
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cpu_profiling: false
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}
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}
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```
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## Usage
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### Deploy Youki
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```bash
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./core/nulib/provisioning taskserv create youki --infra <infrastructure-name>
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```
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### List Available Task Services
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```bash
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./core/nulib/provisioning taskserv list
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```
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### SSH to Youki Server
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```bash
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./core/nulib/provisioning server ssh <youki-server>
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```
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### Basic Runtime Operations
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```bash
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# Check youki version
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youki --version
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# Show youki info
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youki info
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# Check runtime features
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youki features
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# Display help
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youki --help
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youki create --help
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```
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### Container Lifecycle Management
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```bash
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# Create a container (requires OCI bundle)
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youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle container-id
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# Start the container
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youki start container-id
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# Check container state
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youki state container-id
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# Get container events
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youki events container-id
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# Execute command in container
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youki exec container-id /bin/sh
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# Kill container
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youki kill container-id
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# Delete container
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youki delete container-id
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```
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### Container State Management
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```bash
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# List all containers
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youki list
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# Show detailed container state
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youki state container-id --format json
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# Pause container execution
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youki pause container-id
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# Resume paused container
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youki resume container-id
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# Get container statistics
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youki ps container-id
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# Update container resources
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youki update --memory 512M container-id
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```
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### Integration with Containerd
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```bash
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# Configure containerd to use youki
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sudo tee -a /etc/containerd/config.toml <<EOF
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[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki]
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runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
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[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki.options]
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BinaryName = "/usr/local/bin/youki"
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SystemdCgroup = true
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EOF
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# Restart containerd
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sudo systemctl restart containerd
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# Test with crictl
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sudo crictl run --runtime youki container.json pod.json
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```
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### Integration with Podman
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```bash
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# Configure podman to use youki
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mkdir -p ~/.config/containers
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cat > ~/.config/containers/containers.conf <<EOF
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[containers]
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default_runtime = "youki"
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[engine]
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runtime_map = { "youki" = ["/usr/local/bin/youki"] }
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EOF
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# Run container with youki
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podman run --runtime youki -it alpine:latest /bin/sh
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# Check runtime being used
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podman info | grep -A 5 runtimes
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```
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### Performance Testing
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```bash
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# Benchmark container creation
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time youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle test-container
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# Measure startup time
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time (youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle test && youki start test)
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# Memory usage monitoring
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ps aux | grep youki
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cat /proc/$(pgrep youki)/status | grep -E "(VmRSS|VmSize)"
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# Performance comparison
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hyperfine "youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle test-youki && youki start test-youki" \
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"runc create --bundle /path/to/bundle test-runc && runc start test-runc"
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```
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### Debugging and Troubleshooting
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```bash
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# Enable debug logging
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export YOUKI_LOG_LEVEL=debug
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youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle container-id
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# Check runtime logs
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journalctl -u youki
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# Trace system calls
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strace -f youki create --bundle /path/to/bundle container-id
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# Validate OCI bundle
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youki spec-validate /path/to/bundle
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# Check cgroup configuration
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cat /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/containerd.service/youki-*/memory.max
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```
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### Development and Testing
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```bash
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# Build youki from source
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git clone https://github.com/containers/youki.git
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cd youki
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cargo build --release
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# Run integration tests
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cargo test --tests
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# Run performance benchmarks
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cargo bench
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# Generate documentation
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cargo doc --open
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# Check code formatting
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cargo fmt --check
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```
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## Architecture
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### System Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
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│ Container │────│ Youki Runtime │────│ Linux Kernel │
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│ Engines │ │ │ │ │
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│ │ │ • OCI Spec │ │ • Namespaces │
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│ • Containerd │────│ • Process Mgmt │────│ • Cgroups │
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│ • Podman │ │ • Resource Ctrl │ │ • Capabilities │
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│ • CRI-O │ │ • Security │ │ • Seccomp │
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└─────────────────┘ └──────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
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```
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### Youki Internal Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Youki Runtime │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ CLI Interface │ Core Engine │ System Interface │
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│ │ │ │
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│ • Commands │ • Container Mgmt │ • Namespace API │
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│ • Config Parsing │ • Process Control │ • Cgroup API │
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│ • State Management │ • Resource Limits │ • Mount API │
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│ • Error Handling │ • Security Policy │ • Network API │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Rust Runtime Layer │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Memory Safety │ Performance │ Concurrency │
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│ │ │ │
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│ • Ownership Model │ • Zero-Cost Abs │ • Async Runtime │
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│ • Borrow Checker │ • LLVM Optimized │ • Thread Safety │
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│ • Type Safety │ • Minimal Runtime │ • Lock-Free Ops │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### Performance Comparison
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```
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Runtime │ Language │ Binary Size │ Memory Usage │ Startup Time │ Throughput
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─────────┼──────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────┼───────────
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youki │ Rust │ ~15MB │ ~8MB │ ~50ms │ High
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runc │ Go │ ~20MB │ ~15MB │ ~100ms │ Medium
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crun │ C │ ~1MB │ ~5MB │ ~30ms │ Very High
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```
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### File Structure
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```
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/usr/local/bin/youki # Main youki binary
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/etc/youki/ # Configuration directory
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├── config.toml # Runtime configuration
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├── seccomp.json # Default seccomp profile
|
|
└── apparmor.conf # AppArmor configuration
|
|
|
|
/var/lib/youki/ # Runtime state directory
|
|
├── containers/ # Container state files
|
|
├── bundles/ # OCI bundle storage
|
|
└── logs/ # Runtime logs
|
|
|
|
/run/youki/ # Runtime directory
|
|
├── state.json # Global runtime state
|
|
└── containers/ # Per-container runtime data
|
|
|
|
~/.config/youki/ # User configuration
|
|
└── config.toml # User-specific settings
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Supported Operating Systems
|
|
|
|
- Ubuntu 20.04+ / Debian 11+
|
|
- CentOS 8+ / RHEL 8+ / Fedora 35+
|
|
- Amazon Linux 2+
|
|
- SUSE Linux Enterprise 15+
|
|
- Alpine Linux 3.15+
|
|
|
|
## System Requirements
|
|
|
|
### Minimum Requirements
|
|
- **Kernel**: Linux 5.0+ (5.4+ recommended)
|
|
- **RAM**: 100MB (minimal overhead)
|
|
- **Storage**: 50MB for binary and dependencies
|
|
- **CPU**: Any x86_64 or aarch64
|
|
- **Rust**: 1.65+ (for building from source)
|
|
|
|
### Production Requirements
|
|
- **Kernel**: Linux 5.10+ with all container features
|
|
- **RAM**: 1GB+ (depends on container workload)
|
|
- **Storage**: 10GB+ for container storage
|
|
- **CPU**: Multi-core recommended for performance
|
|
- **Features**: cgroups v2, user namespaces, seccomp
|
|
|
|
### Kernel Features Required
|
|
- **Namespaces** - PID, network, mount, UTS, IPC, user, time
|
|
- **Cgroups** - v1 and/or v2 support
|
|
- **Capabilities** - Linux capabilities system
|
|
- **Seccomp** - System call filtering
|
|
- **AppArmor/SELinux** - Mandatory access control (optional)
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
### Installation Issues
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Check youki installation
|
|
youki --version
|
|
which youki
|
|
|
|
# Verify required kernel features
|
|
youki features
|
|
|
|
# Check system compatibility
|
|
youki check
|
|
|
|
# Build from source if needed
|
|
git clone https://github.com/containers/youki.git
|
|
cd youki && cargo build --release
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Runtime Issues
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Enable debug logging
|
|
export YOUKI_LOG_LEVEL=debug
|
|
export RUST_LOG=debug
|
|
|
|
# Check container state
|
|
youki state container-id
|
|
|
|
# Validate OCI bundle
|
|
youki spec-validate /path/to/bundle
|
|
|
|
# Check cgroup mounts
|
|
mount | grep cgroup
|
|
ls -la /sys/fs/cgroup/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Performance Issues
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Check resource usage
|
|
youki ps container-id
|
|
top -p $(pgrep youki)
|
|
|
|
# Monitor system calls
|
|
strace -c youki start container-id
|
|
|
|
# Profile performance
|
|
perf record youki start container-id
|
|
perf report
|
|
|
|
# Memory profiling
|
|
valgrind --tool=massif youki start container-id
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Container Issues
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Check container logs
|
|
youki events container-id
|
|
journalctl -f | grep youki
|
|
|
|
# Debug container creation
|
|
youki create --bundle /bundle --debug container-id
|
|
|
|
# Check namespace setup
|
|
lsns -t pid,net,mnt,uts,ipc,user
|
|
ps -eo pid,pidns,netns,mntns,userns,comm
|
|
|
|
# Inspect cgroup configuration
|
|
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/*/youki-*/cgroup.controllers
|
|
systemd-cgls youki
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Integration Issues
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Check containerd integration
|
|
containerd config dump | grep youki
|
|
crictl info | grep -A 5 runtimes
|
|
|
|
# Test podman integration
|
|
podman info | grep -A 10 runtimes
|
|
podman run --runtime youki --rm hello-world
|
|
|
|
# Debug shim issues
|
|
journalctl -u containerd | grep youki
|
|
containerd --log-level debug
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Security Considerations
|
|
|
|
### Runtime Security
|
|
- **Memory Safety** - Rust prevents buffer overflows and memory corruption
|
|
- **Type Safety** - Strong type system prevents many security issues
|
|
- **Secure Defaults** - Secure configuration out of the box
|
|
- **Minimal Attack Surface** - Small, focused codebase
|
|
|
|
### Container Security
|
|
- **Namespace Isolation** - Full namespace support for process isolation
|
|
- **Capability Management** - Fine-grained Linux capability control
|
|
- **Seccomp Filtering** - System call filtering for attack prevention
|
|
- **AppArmor/SELinux** - Mandatory access control integration
|
|
|
|
### Resource Security
|
|
- **Cgroup Enforcement** - Strict resource limit enforcement
|
|
- **Memory Protection** - Memory limit and OOM protection
|
|
- **CPU Protection** - CPU usage and priority controls
|
|
- **I/O Protection** - Block and network I/O limits
|
|
|
|
### Operational Security
|
|
- **Audit Logging** - Comprehensive operation logging
|
|
- **State Validation** - Container state integrity checking
|
|
- **Secure Communication** - Secure inter-process communication
|
|
- **Regular Updates** - Active security maintenance
|
|
|
|
## Performance Optimization
|
|
|
|
### Build Optimization
|
|
- **Release Profile** - Use optimized release builds
|
|
- **Link-Time Optimization** - Enable LTO for better performance
|
|
- **Target-Specific** - Build for specific CPU architectures
|
|
- **Feature Selection** - Enable only required features
|
|
|
|
### Runtime Optimization
|
|
- **Cgroup v2** - Use cgroups v2 for better performance
|
|
- **Systemd Integration** - Use systemd for process management
|
|
- **Memory Management** - Optimize memory allocation patterns
|
|
- **CPU Affinity** - Pin containers to specific CPU cores
|
|
|
|
### System Optimization
|
|
- **Kernel Configuration** - Optimize kernel for container workloads
|
|
- **File System** - Use appropriate file systems (ext4, xfs, overlay2)
|
|
- **Network Stack** - Optimize network configuration
|
|
- **Storage Performance** - Use fast storage for container data
|
|
|
|
### Monitoring Optimization
|
|
- **Metrics Collection** - Collect relevant performance metrics
|
|
- **Resource Monitoring** - Monitor CPU, memory, I/O usage
|
|
- **Latency Tracking** - Track container startup and operation latencies
|
|
- **Throughput Monitoring** - Monitor container operation throughput
|
|
|
|
## Integration Examples
|
|
|
|
### Containerd Configuration
|
|
```toml
|
|
# /etc/containerd/config.toml
|
|
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki]
|
|
runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
|
|
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.youki.options]
|
|
BinaryName = "/usr/local/bin/youki"
|
|
SystemdCgroup = true
|
|
Root = "/run/containerd/youki"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### CRI-O Configuration
|
|
```toml
|
|
# /etc/crio/crio.conf
|
|
[crio.runtime.runtimes.youki]
|
|
runtime_path = "/usr/local/bin/youki"
|
|
runtime_type = "oci"
|
|
runtime_root = "/run/youki"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Systemd Service
|
|
```ini
|
|
[Unit]
|
|
Description=Youki Container Runtime
|
|
Documentation=https://github.com/containers/youki
|
|
|
|
[Service]
|
|
Type=notify
|
|
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/youki
|
|
Restart=always
|
|
RestartSec=5
|
|
Delegate=yes
|
|
KillMode=process
|
|
OOMScoreAdjust=-999
|
|
LimitNOFILE=1048576
|
|
LimitNPROC=1048576
|
|
LimitCORE=infinity
|
|
|
|
[Install]
|
|
WantedBy=multi-user.target
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Resources
|
|
|
|
- **Official Repository**: [github.com/containers/youki](https://github.com/containers/youki)
|
|
- **Documentation**: [containers.github.io/youki](https://containers.github.io/youki/)
|
|
- **OCI Runtime Spec**: [github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec)
|
|
- **Rust Documentation**: [doc.rust-lang.org](https://doc.rust-lang.org/)
|
|
- **Container Security**: [kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/security](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/security/) |